Portal hypertension refers to augmentation in the blood pressure inside a system of veins referred to as the portal venous system. The veins arise from the intestine, stomach, pancreas and spleen normally and get fused into the portal vein. This then branch into numerous smaller vessels and travel through the liver. If the vessels get blocked in the liver, it is a deadly task for the blood to flow in the portal system. When the pressure is too high, the blood finds other ways of flowing back to heart so that it gets pumped to the lungs and the waste products are rid of as well as the oxygen is picked. Blood travels to the veins present in the esophagus, rectum, anus and in the abdomen skin.

The portal hypertension is not associated with specific symptoms identifying the happenings in the liver. But, people having liver disease lead to developing high portal hypertension called cirrhosis. Some of the symptoms as well as complications of portal hypertension are black or blood stools, blood vomiting owing to hemorrhage and rupture of veins. The symptoms also include forgetfulness and confusion, Ascites which is an accumulation of abdomen fluid, reduced levels of platelets that assist in forming blood clots. Portal hypertension is diagnosed by the presence of dilated veins or ascites. This comes to notice only after the physical examination of abdomen. These physical examinations include several lab tests, endoscope examinations and x-ray

Portal hypertension is not curable. The treatment focuses on managing complications or rather preventing further complications, particularly bleeding from veins. The treatment regarding preventing complications is diet, surgery, medications, radiology and endoscope therapy. Other treatments depend on the severity of symptoms and on the functioning of liver. The nutritional habits and maintaining them helps in sustaining a healthy lifestyle. This helps in improving the liver function. A person facing portal hypertension should try to be in the best of his moods always such that relaxation is to the best. Using street drugs or alcohol should be completely avoided. Avoiding taking over the counter drugs or drugs without prescription or without the consultation of a doctor or nurse should be strictly avoided. The dietary guidelines recommended by the doctor should be strictly followed such as eating foods with less sodium or salt in the regular diet. The quantity of consuming should be restricted to 2 grams per day. The protein intake also should be reduced and in case of confusion regarding die, contacting a dietitian can help in preparing an appropriate meal plan.

Hypothyroidism has serious mental as well as physical risks regardless of age. The studies reflect the adverse health effects even with hypothyroidism of the sub-clinical type. This is a condition that has no symptoms and indicates only during the blood tests. Fortunately, hypothyroidism is diagnosed easily and the treatments are restored to normal functioning of thyroid. The treatment is effective only if the patient is free from any sort of harmful consequences thereby living a normal life. Goiter and iodine deficiency are some of the significant problems seen in less developed nations leading to mental retardation also. Hypothyroidism when left untreated becomes life threatening with severe complications and is known as Myxedema coma. The symptoms of this include fall in body temperature, decreased lung function, constipation, seizures, slow heart rate, urine retention, fluid build up and eventually coma. It is not common, but develops in patients who are left untreated and are subjected to infections, stress, and surgery or also due to severe cold. Emergency treatment is recommended. The highest risk in older patients leads to heart problems as well.
Suppurative Thryoiditis is life threatening infection and is rare. This is immune to infection. It begins with upper respiratory infection and includes symptoms such as neck pain, rash and fever. Such patients experience in speaking as well as trouble in swallowing. Treatment should be immediate. Thyroid hormones affect the heart directly as well as indirectly. They are associated with the heart rate and output. The thyroid hormones keep the blood vessels smooth to allow flowing of blood smoothly. Hypothyroidism increases the cholesterol levels and also other fat molecules called lipids in association with heart disease.
Thyroid condition can be treated and this reduces the blood pressure levels. Hypothyroidism reduces the heart rate and the pumping capacity increases the blood vessel walls stiffness. All these leads to increase in blood pressure and these patients are more prone to developing hypertension. Patients with chronic hypothyroidism should have regular checkup of their blood pressure, in particularly pregnant women. Hypothyroidism affects the contraction of the heart muscle and elevates the risk of heart failure. Some of the effects are depression and this is severe in hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is chronic especially in older women. Untreated hypothyroidism causes behavioral and mental impairment. The conditions with hypothyroidism worsens are headaches and it is also observed that glaucoma can be increased. Women having fewer problems experience joint stiffness. Regardless of the problems, it is best treated immediately.

Intracranial hypertension is the common name give to disorders caused due to blood pressure that affects the cerebrospinal fluid pressure within the brain. This is an uncommon disease. It may be found affecting 1 in 100,000 people. The intracranial hypertension is found mainly affecting women. The onset of this disease can be approximately considered to be in the late 20s. This occurs suddenly and the cause goes unclear. Occasionally, it is associated to brain tumors. The common symptom for intracranial hypertension is severe headache. Such headaches do not get relieved with anything and leads to vision disturbance as well. Apart from this intracranial hypertension also causes loss of concentration or memory, dizziness, disorientation, pins and needles pricked feeling in the hands and vomiting.

The diagnosis of intracranial hypertension is done by scanning the brain and by measuring the pressure of CSF. Based on this CSF pressure, the treatment varies. The medical treatment includes drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors taken in high doses. This is done to suppress the CSF production. This may have side effects and if some medical therapy happens to fail and your vision is at risk, then two types of surgery can be undergone to rectify. The first type of surgery is done by opening a nerve sheath. This is done to lessen the swelling and the second type of surgery is the neurosurgical shunt. These tubes are embedded so that the CSF gets drained into another cavity like abdomen.

The intracranial hypertension occurs when the fluid is under severe pressure. The brain area is filled with fluid like water and if much fluid is present, the pressure increases owing to lack of space for expansion. The causes are yet not fully diagnosed but for some clues. Mostly, pregnant women experience such blood pressures and this worsens owing to weight gain. However, intracranial hypertension is caused owing to weight gain and any disorder blocking the spinal fluid flow in the route of the blood and the brain caused raised pressure. Such blood clots drain the brain causing elevated intracranial pressure. This leads to severe blood pressure levels. This can also be caused due to steroids withdrawal or owing to intake of considerable Vitamin A. even steroids for body building and other drugs like tetracycline also enhance the possibilities of increasing the blood pressure. Blood pressure can be controlled and intracranial hypertension can be accomplished by monitoring the blood pressure and following the medications so that the effects are minimized.